The experts at the Office for Fish and Water Ecology Studies in Frankfurt breathe a sigh of relief: Despite the extremely low water levels last summer, the fish in the river are spared. In addition, the body of water has almost completely recovered.
The extreme low water levels in the Rhine during the long, dry and hot summer of 2022 severely affected shipping – but according to experts, it did not cause any massive fish kills. The river has apparently largely recovered ecologically. “This year it wasn’t as dramatic as in the summer of 2003, when dead mussels fell out and fish carcasses swam past,” said Jörg Schneider from the Office for Fish and Aquatic Ecology Studies in Frankfurt.
In the summer of 2022, the low water in the Rhine warmed up to around 26 degrees – salmon and trout, for example, often just survived this. Fish would also have sought “refuges” in somewhat less hot water zones. However, barges could load significantly less without risking grounding.
Zoology professor Jochen Koop from the Koblenz Federal Institute for Hydrology explained that, according to a rule of thumb, for a widespread fish die-off in the Rhine, a water temperature of 25 degrees would have to be exceeded for at least 40 days in a row – that was not the case this year.
The head of the secretariat of the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine in Koblenz, Marc Daniel Heintz, said: “We were relieved that it rained a lot in September after the long drought.” In several years, the water level is lowest in autumn – but this time it did not fall any further, but rose again significantly.
At low tide, the fairway for ships becomes narrower, fish have less space and, according to experts, can probably be more easily pulled into the ship’s propellers by the strong suction of large freighters.
The biologist Schneider explained that in tributaries such as the Moselle and Main, the water temperatures in the summer were about two to four degrees above that of the Middle Rhine. The formation of blue-green algae is typical for very warm waters without much current. However, these are not algae at all, but actually bacteria, so-called cyanobacteria. In parts of the Moselle, they spread more strongly than ever before in the summer of 2022. They can produce toxins that endanger human and animal health. Blue-green algae have only appeared in the Moselle since 2017.