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The black wave, which has already reached many European countries, has now arrived in Rome, where it found deep wells and boisterous streams. In meantime, it has swelled to a flood, and it weighs heavily not to have anticipated this development. There was no evidence missing.
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The traditional anti-fascism was mistaken. For too long he believed that neo movements were merely a throwback to past, not more than folkloric remnant of Duce era. In fact, however, radical rights have prevailed. For many Italians, especially young people, fascism is now a legitimate political opportunity.
The fascists of third millennium have a permanent presence in press, on talk shows and on Internet conquered. They have established an intellectual culture that mixes traditions of twentieth century with new motifs: The Fascists read not only novels of Ernst Disciples, but also essays of Byung-Chul Han on digital world; They mix thoughts of Giovanni Gentile with those of Antonio Gramsci, y sometimes go back to cultural philosopher Julius Evola or delve deeply into Hitler’s My Struggle, which is now easy to find in Italian bookshops. Then again y are inspired by French philosopher Alain de Benoiset and nouvelle droite, while y loa psychoanalysis and deconstruction. Her main enemy is Jacques Derrida, French-Algerian Jew, whose thinking – as a ideologue of Neo group CasaPound wrote – “questioned concept of identity”.
Donatella di Cesare
Is Professor of philosophy at La Sapienza University in Rome
But cardinal myth of today’s fascism is that of “great exchange”. He goes back to Renaud Camus ‘ book Le Grand Remplacement, which appeared in 2011 in France. Camus claims that a secret alliance of global Financial Capital and leftist anti-racism pursues criminal goal of eliminating European population through immigration. This assertion n formed basis for right calls to “ethnic resistance” or for slogans such as “Italian first” or “everyone back to his homeland!”.
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It is easy to connect anti-system ideology of right with or motifs. For example, with a corporate and National Socialism (as in Mussolini’s “bundles of rods”, old Fasci), with a sharp critique of technocracy, with demand for strict defence of state borders or promise of order and security . It is this ideological flexibility that has won upper hand in Italy and has rewarded Lega with dreamlike election results.
This article comes from time No. 27/2018. Here you can read entire output.
But what links Lega and five-Star Movement? Is five-Star movement not utterly populist? In fact, problem of self-positioning of this movement had been posed right from start. On crisis of Parties and political representation, five-Star Movement had reacted with sis that old scheme of left and right was outdated and no longer existed. This assertion would have had to make it suspicious. However, many citizens who would orwise have elected Democratic Party have regained recognition in rebellious appearance of five-Star Movement. Furious about ir own powerlessness, new politically homeless gave ir voice to a party that ended up signing a reactionary government program. What a delusion!
Certainly, populism and fascism are not identical, on contrary, differences are great. Fascism is called hierarchical apparatus, totalitarian pedagogy, militarism, Machismo, violence. Yet anti-politics and populism can create preconditions for fascism to become dominant motive – and that is what happened in Italy. The five-Star Movement, with its anti-politics – “Neir left nor right!” – opened door to disguised fascism of Lega. Anyway, intersection between two parties of yellow-green coalition is not so low. Both are Souveränistisch, nationalist and deeply anti-European. “Illegal immigration” and “Europe” are for m true enemies of Italy; Much of blame for Italian misery, however, is Germany.
There are even more commonalities. Both Lega and five-Star Movement regard Atlantic alliance with suspicion and advocate a rapprochement with Putin’s Russia. They claim that y are not only fighting globalisation, but “Brussels bureaucrats” and or “castes” alike. They are not interested in fact that power is diffused today and is difficult to grasp.
